FLOWERING, POLLINATION AND BEES

Flowering

Avocado Flowering Basics - Arpaia, Fetscher and Hofshi..

Avocado flowering - Davenport, T. L. 1986.  In: J. Janick (ed.) Horticultural Reviews. Volume 8:257-289.

Avocado Flower  - University of Florida

Flowering and Fruiting of Plants - Carl Hayden Bee Research Center

Inflorescence and Flower Development of the 'Hass' Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) during "On" and "Off" Crop Years- Samuel Salazar-Garcia and Carol J. Lovatt - J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 123(4): 537-544.1998 

Use of GA₃ to Manipulate Flowering and Yield of 'Hass' Avocado - Samuel Salazar-Garcia and Carol J. Lovatt - J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 125(1): 25-30.2000 

FLOWERING OF AVOCADO (Persea americana Mill.) - S. Salazar-García, C. J. Lovatt - Revista Chapingo

I. INFLORESCENCE AND FLOWER DEVELOPMENT  ( Adobe Acrobat File)
II. MANIPULATION WITH GA3  ( Adobe Acrobat File)

Pollination

All about bees and Pollination Handbook - Carl Hayden Bee Research Center 

Avocado flowering.  Davenport, T. L. 1986.  In: J. Janick (ed.) Horticultural Reviews. Volume 8:257-289.

Avocado Pollination - by S.E. McGregor  

Avocado Pollination Basics  Gad Ish-Am (Presentation in English).

Nociones Básicas sobre La Polinización del Aguacatero (Palto)  Gad Ish-Am (Presentación en Español).

Honey Bee Pollination of Avocado in Western Australia - Department of Agriculture - Western Australia

Dual Cycle of Avocado Flowers - by Peter A. Peterson. In California Agriculture. 1955. 9(10):6-7, 13.

Evaluating Honeybee Colonies for Pollination - A guide for growers and beekeepers - from Oregon State

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) strains differ in avocado - by Arnon Dag, A. Elizabeth Fetscher, Ohad Afik, Yelena Yeselson, Arthur
Schaffer, Yossi Kamer, Nicholas M. Waser, Monica A. Madore, Mary Lu Arpaia, Reuben Hofshi, and Sharoni Shafir.

IDENTIFICATION AND EFFICIENCY OF POLLINATOR INSECTS OF AVOCADO IN THE STATES OF MEXICO AND MICHOACAN - Colegio de Postgraduados Instituto de Fitosanidad - in Spanish

Low attractiveness of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) flowers to honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) limits fruit set in Israel - G. Ish-Am and D. Eisikowitch. Journal of Horticultural Sciences & Biotechnology (1998), 73 (2):195-204 posted with permission from Gad Ish-Am

Mobility of honey bees (Apidae, Apis mellifera L) during foraging in avocado orchards - G Ish-Am, D Eisikowitch. Apidologie 29 (1998):209-219 posted with permission from Gad Ish-Am

Pollination - Lecture 21- Pollination - University of Maryland

Pollination Information by Crop - from the Pollination Homepage - www.pollinator.com

Stingless Bees Can Serve as Efficient Avocado Pollinators - S. Gazit and G. Ish-Am.  (Paper, Poster)

Some aspects of pollination and fertilization in subtropical fruit by Schroeder and Hofshi, Subtropical Fruit News.

The behaviour of honeybees (Apis mellifera) visiting avocado (Persea americana) flowers and their contribution to its pollination - Gad Ish-Am and Dan Eisikowitch. 1993. Journal of Apicultural Research, 32 (3-4):175-186. posted with permission from Gad Ish-Am

The Pollination of Avocados - A.B. Stout.  1933.  University of Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 257.

Bees

USDA Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory Logan, Utah

Bees and Pollination - Ohio State University

BeeSource - Online sourcebook for beekeepers

New World Carniolan Breeding Program - Susan Cobey - Ohio State University

Apiculture Newsletters - UC Davis Department of Entomology 

Bee Briefs -  Dr. Eric Mussen - UC Davis

Ontario Beekeepers Association - Useful site for beekeepers